Time scales of magma transport and mixing at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Rae, Auriol S. P. and Edmonds, Marie and Maclennan, John and Morgan, Daniel and Houghton, Bruce and Hartley, Margaret E. and Sides, Isobel (2016) Time scales of magma transport and mixing at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. Geology. G37800.1. ISSN 0091-7613 DOI 10.1130/G37800.1

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Abstract

Modeling of volcanic processes is limited by a lack of knowledge of the time scales of storage, mixing, and final ascent of magmas into the shallowest portions of volcanic plumbing systems immediately prior to eruption. It is impossible to measure these time scales directly; however, micro-analytical techniques provide indirect estimates based on the extent of diffusion of species through melts and crystals. We use diffusion in olivine phenocrysts from the A.D. 1959 Kīlauea Iki (Hawai‘i, USA) eruption to constrain the timing of mixing events in the crustal plumbing system on time scales of months to years before eruption. The time scales derived from zonation of Fe-Mg in olivines, combined with contemporaneous geophysical data, suggest that mixing occurred on three time scales: (1) as much as 2 yr prior to eruption in the deep storage system; (2) in a shallow reservoir, between incoming hot melts and resident melt for several weeks to months prior to eruption; and (3) in the conduit and summit reservoir, between the resident magma and cooled surface lava, draining back into the vent on time scales of hours to several days during pauses between episodes. Synchronous inflation of the shallow reservoir with deep earthquake swarms and mixing suggests an intermittently open transcrustal magmatic system.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	2016AREP; IA70;
Subjects:	05 - Petrology - Igneous, Metamorphic and Volcanic Studies
Divisions:	05 - Petrology - Igneous, Metamorphic and Volcanic Studies 07 - Gold Open Access 06 - Part-III Projects
Journal or Publication Title:	Geology
Page Range:	G37800.1
Identification Number:	10.1130/G37800.1
Depositing User:	Library Administrator
Date Deposited:	11 May 2016 12:01
Last Modified:	11 May 2016 12:01
URI:	http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/id/eprint/3660

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